Jump to content

1686

Edit links
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Millennium: 2nd millennium
Centuries:
Decades:
Years:
September 2: The Holy League Alliance of the Holy Roman Empire, Russia and Austria liberates the Hungarian city of Buda (now part of Budapest) from the Ottoman Empire in the Battle of Buda.
1686 by topic
Arts and science
Leaders
Birth and death categories
Births – Deaths
Establishments and disestablishments categories
Establishments – Disestablishments
Works category
1686 in various calendars
Gregorian calendar1686
MDCLXXXVI
Ab urbe condita2439
Armenian calendar1135
ԹՎ ՌՃԼԵ
Assyrian calendar6436
Balinese saka calendar1607–1608
Bengali calendar1093
Berber calendar2636
English Regnal year1 Ja. 2 – 2 Ja. 2
Buddhist calendar2230
Burmese calendar1048
Byzantine calendar7194–7195
Chinese calendar乙丑年 (Wood Ox)
4383 or 4176
    — to —
丙寅年 (Fire Tiger)
4384 or 4177
Coptic calendar1402–1403
Discordian calendar2852
Ethiopian calendar1678–1679
Hebrew calendar5446–5447
Hindu calendars
 - Vikram Samvat1742–1743
 - Shaka Samvat1607–1608
 - Kali Yuga4786–4787
Holocene calendar11686
Igbo calendar686–687
Iranian calendar1064–1065
Islamic calendar1097–1098
Japanese calendarJōkyō 3
(貞享３年)
Javanese calendar1609–1610
Julian calendarGregorian minus 10 days
Korean calendar4019
Minguo calendar226 before ROC
民前226年
Nanakshahi calendar218
Thai solar calendar2228–2229
Tibetan calendar阴木牛年
(female Wood-Ox)
1812 or 1431 or 659
    — to —
阳火虎年
(male Fire-Tiger)
1813 or 1432 or 660

1686 (MDCLXXXVI) was a common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar and a common year starting on Friday of the Julian calendar, the 1686th year of the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini (AD) designations, the 686th year of the 2nd millennium, the 86th year of the 17th century, and the 7th year of the 1680s decade. As of the start of 1686, the Gregorian calendar was 10 days ahead of the Julian calendar, which remained in localized use until 1923.

Events

[edit]

January–March

[edit]
  • January 3 – In Madras (now Chennai) in India, local residents employed by the East India Company threaten to boycott their jobs after corporate administrator William Gyfford imposes a house tax on residences within the city walls. Gyfford places security forces at all entrances to the city and threatens to banish anyone who fails to pay their taxes, as well as to confiscate the goods of merchants who refuse to make sales.[1] A compromise is reached the next day on the amount of the taxes.[2]
  • January 17 – King Louis XIV of France reports the success of the Edict of Fontainebleau, issued on October 22 against the Protestant Huguenots, and reports that after less than three months, the vast majority of the Huguenot population had left the country.[3]
  • January 29 – In Guatemala, Spanish Army Captain Melchor Rodríguez Mazariegos leads a campaign to conquer the indigenous Maya people in the rain forests of Lacandona, departing from Huehuetenango to rendezvous with the colonial governor at San Mateo Ixtatán.
  • January 31 – In the wake of the success of France's campaign against Protestantism, Victor Amadeus II, the Duke of Savoy, issues an edict against the Valdesi, the Duchy's Protestant minority, setting a 15-day deadline for members of the Valdesi to publicly renounce their beliefs as erroneous, or face banishment or death.[4] The February 15 deadline is ignored.
  • February 15 – After the Valdesi in the Duchy of Savoy decline to obey the edict to convert to Catholicism, Duke Victor Amadeus dispatches a force of 9,000 French and Piedmontese soldiers to enforce the edict.
  • February 22 – Sweden's Council of State endorses the reforms proposed by King Charles XI for the Swedish Church Law 1686, after having debated it in three sessions on February 18, 19 and 20.[5] The law confirms and describes the rights of the Lutheran Church and confirms Sweden as a Lutheran state; all non-Lutherans are banned from immigration unless they convert to Lutheranism; the Romani people are to be incorporated to the Lutheran Church; the poor care law is regulated; and all parishes are forced by law to teach the children within them to read and write, in order to learn the scripture, which closely eradicates illiteracy in Sweden.[6]
  • February 27 – Gabriel Milan, the controversial Governor of the Danish West Indies since 1684, is removed from office by order of King Frederick III and placed under arrest for treason. Three years later, after being found guilty in a trial after being brought back to Copenhagen, Milan is beheaded on March 26, 1689.[7]
  • March 3 – A group of 107 French Canadian soldiers, under the command of Pierre de Troyes, begins the Hudson Bay expedition, departing from Montreal on an 800-mile (1,300 km) journey to take control of the properties of British North American settlers of the Hudson's Bay Company.[8] The group marches for 82 days and arrives at the first Hudson's Bay fort, at Moose Factory on June 19.[9]

April–June

[edit]

July–September

[edit]

October–December

[edit]

Date unknown

[edit]

Births

[edit]
Hans Egede
Daniel Gabriel Fahrenheit
Allan Ramsay

Deaths

[edit]
Magnus Gabriel De la Gardie
Otto von Guericke
Eleonora Gonzaga

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Tchitcherov, Alexander I (1998). India: changing economic structure in the sixteenth to eighteenth centuries : outline history of crafts and trade. New Delhi: Manohar Publishers and Distributors. p. 98. ISBN 978-81-7304-062-7. Retrieved May 6, 2023.
  2. ^ "Records of Fort St. George. Diary and consultation book (1686-1689)". Records of Fort St. George. Madras: Superintendent Government Press. 1913. Retrieved May 6, 2023.
  3. ^ Scoville, Warren Candler (1960). The persecution of Huguenots and French economic development, 1680-1720. Berkley: University of California Press. p. 58. Retrieved May 6, 2023.
  4. ^ Wylie, James Aitken (2001). History of the Waldenses. Brushton, N.Y.: TEACH Services. pp. 163–165. ISBN 978-1-57258-185-2. Retrieved May 6, 2023.
  5. ^ A. F. Upton, Charles XI and Swedish Absolutism (Cambridge University Press, 1998) p. 110
  6. ^ Du Rietz, Anita (2013). Kvinnors entreprenörskap: under 400 år. Stockholm: Dialogos.
  7. ^ Krarup, Janus (January 1, 1894). "Gabriel Milan og Somme af hans Samtid. II. (Sluttet)". Personalhistorisk Tidsskrift (in Danish). 3 (3): 47. ISSN 2445-4958.
  8. ^ Elle Andra-Warner, Hudson's Bay Company Adventures: Tales of Canada's Fur Traders (Heritage House, 2011)
  9. ^ Kenyon, Walter Andrew (1986). The History of James Bay, 1610-1686: A Study in Historical Archaeology. Royal Ontario Museum. p. 78. ISBN 978-0-88854-316-5. Retrieved May 7, 2023.
  10. ^ Malumbres, Julian (1919). Historia de Nueva-Vizcaya y provincia montanõsa (in Spanish). Manila: Tipog. Litog. del Col. de Sto. Tomas. p. 112. Retrieved May 11, 2023.
  11. ^ Bushkovitch, Paul (September 27, 2001). Peter the Great: The Struggle for Power, 1671–1725. Cambridge University Press. p. 148. ISBN 978-1-139-43075-3. Retrieved May 11, 2023.
  12. ^ Koziara, Thomas P. (November 18, 2020). Historia Nostra: The Complete History of Poland: 1586 to Present. Vol. 6. Aurifera S.A. p. 23. Retrieved May 11, 2023.
  13. ^ Barry, John Stetson (1855). The History of Massachusetts. Retrieved May 11, 2023.
  14. ^ Pierre-François-Xavier de Charlevoix, History and General Description of New France (F. P. Harper, 2013) p. 970
  15. ^ "Augsburg, League of", in The Encyclopedia Americana: A Library of Universal Knowledge (Encyclopedia Americana Corporation, 1918) p. 541
  16. ^ Kenneth M. Setton, Venice, Austria, and the Turks in the Seventeenth Century (American Philosophical Society, 1991) p. 390
  17. ^ Palmer, Alan; Palmer, Veronica (1992). The Chronology of British History. London: Century Ltd. pp. 196–197. ISBN 0-7126-5616-2.
  18. ^ Howell, George Rogers (1897). The Date of the Settlement of the Colony of New York. C. Van Benthuysen. p. 16. Retrieved May 12, 2023.
  19. ^ Worth, John E. (February 4, 2007). The Struggle for the Georgia Coast. University of Alabama Press. p. 164. ISBN 978-0-8173-5411-4. Retrieved May 13, 2023.
  20. ^ Almási, Gábor (January 12, 2015). A Divided Hungary in Europe: Exchanges, Networks and Representations, 1541-1699; Volume 3 – The Making and Uses of the Image of Hungary and Transylvania. Cambridge Scholars Publishing. p. 170. ISBN 978-1-4438-7307-9. Retrieved May 13, 2023.
  21. ^ Vance A. Myers, Storm Tide Frequencies on the South Carolina Coast, NOAA Technical Report NWS-16 (National Weather Service Office of Hydrology, June 1975) p. 15
  22. ^ Nazor, Ante (January 21, 2001). "PoljiËani u Morejskom ratu (1684.-1699.)". Povijesni prilozi (in Croatian). 20 (21): 51. Retrieved May 13, 2023.
  23. ^ Lovisa, Barbro (1994). Italienische Waldenser und das protestantische Deutschland 1655 bis 1989 (in German). Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht. ISBN 978-3-525-56539-1. Retrieved May 18, 2023.
  24. ^ Kolta, János (1958). Baranya (in Hungarian). Baranya Megyei Idegenforgalmi Hivatal. p. 86. Retrieved May 18, 2023.
  25. ^ "After the victory against Turkish". September 28, 2011. Archived from the original on September 28, 2011. Retrieved May 18, 2023.
  26. ^ Török, József (1990). Szerzetes- és lovagrendek Magyarországon (in Hungarian). Panoráma. ISBN 978-963-243-723-1. Retrieved May 18, 2023.
  27. ^ Max Savelle, Origins of American Diplomacy: The International History of Angloamerica 1492—1763 (Macmillan, 1967), p. 108
  28. ^ Müller, Johann Wilhelm Baron (1865). Reisen in den Vereinigten Staaten, Canada und Mexico (in German). F.A. Brockhaus. p. 195. Retrieved May 22, 2023.
  29. ^ Transactions of the Colonial Society of Massachusetts. Massachusetts Colonial Society. 1907. p. 158. Retrieved May 22, 2023.
  30. ^ "Robert Plot" (PDF). ox.ac.uk. Retrieved May 22, 2023.
  31. ^ Collins, Andrew (March 2009). The New Circlemakers: Insights into the Crop Circle Mystery. ARE Press. p. 12. ISBN 978-0-87604-549-7. Retrieved May 22, 2023.
  32. ^ Kilburn, Kevin J (February 1999). "Dr Plot and the amazing double sunset". Astronomy & Geophysics. 40 (1): 120–122. doi:10.1093/astrog/40.1.1.20. ISSN 1468-4004. Retrieved May 22, 2023.
  33. ^ Satin, Morton (October 31, 2011). Coffee Talk: The Stimulating Story of the World's Most Popular Brew. Prometheus Books. p. 194. ISBN 978-1-61592-732-6. Retrieved May 22, 2023.
  34. ^ Seidel, Paul (1914). Hohenzollern-Jahrbuch (in German). Vol. 18. Leipzig: Giesecke & Devrient. p. 88. Retrieved May 24, 2023.
  35. ^ Mettenleiter, Andreas (2001). Adam Christian Thebesius (1686-1732) und die Entdeckung der Vasa cordis minima: Biographie, Textedition, medizinhistorische Würdigung und Rezeptionsgeschichte (in German). Stuttgart: Franz Steiner Verlag. p. 11. ISBN 978-3-515-07917-4. Retrieved May 24, 2023.
  36. ^ Stephen, Leslie (1886). Dictionary of National Biography. Vol. 6. Smith, Elder, & Co. p. 48. Retrieved May 24, 2023.
  37. ^ Petzholdt, Julius (1865). Anzeiger für Bibliographie und Bibliothekwissenschaft (in German). G. Schönfeld's Buchhandlung. p. 337. Retrieved May 24, 2023.
  38. ^ Bricka, Carl Frederik (1890). Dansk biografisk Lexikon (in Danish). Vol. 4. Copenhagen: F. Hegel & Søn. p. 423. Retrieved May 24, 2023.
  39. ^ Journal de la Société d'archéologie lorraine et du Musée historique lorrain (in French). Société d'archéologie lorraine et du Musée historique lorrain. 1893. p. 70. Retrieved May 24, 2023.
  40. ^ Gordon, Alexander (2004). "Eames, John (1686–1744), Independent layman and tutor". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/8389. Retrieved May 24, 2023. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
  41. ^ "BOWLES, William (1686-1748)". historyofparliamentonline.org. Retrieved May 27, 2023.
  42. ^ "PULTENEY, Harry (1686-1767)". historyofparliamentonline.org. Retrieved May 27, 2023.
  43. ^ Opperman, Hal N. (1977). Jean-Baptiste Oudry, 1686 to 1755. Garland Pub. p. 3. ISBN 978-0-8240-2718-6. Retrieved May 27, 2023.
  44. ^ Cokayne, George E.; Howard de Walden, Thomas Evelyn Scott-Ellis; Warrand, Duncan; Gibbs, Vicary; Doubleday, H. Arthur; White, Geoffrey H. (Geoffrey Henllan) (1910). The complete peerage of England, Scotland, Ireland, Great Britain, and the United Kingdom : extant, extinct, or dormant. London: The St. Catherine Press, ltd. p. 6. Retrieved May 27, 2023.
  45. ^ McClintock, John (1888). Cyclopaedia of Biblical, Theological, and Ecclesiastical Literature. Harper. p. 835. Retrieved May 27, 2023.
  46. ^ Branden, Franz Jozef Peter van den (1883). Geschiedenis der Antwerpsche schilderschool (in Dutch). Buschmann. p. 1034.
  47. ^ Pitois, Christian (1851). Mémorial de la noblesse: chronologie militaire de France depuis les premiers temps de la monarchie (in French). Au Bureau des annales militaires. p. 23. Retrieved May 28, 2023.
  48. ^ Stephen, Leslie; Lee, Sidney (1922). The Dictionary of National Biography. Vol. 4. Oxford University Press. p. 1365. Retrieved May 28, 2023.
  49. ^ Емельянов, Борис (May 15, 2022). Русская философия. Словарь персоналий (in Russian). Litres. p. 750. ISBN 978-5-04-330166-6. Retrieved May 28, 2023.
  50. ^ Burke, Bernard (1866). A Genealogical History of the Dormant: Abeyant, Forfeited, and Extinct Peerages of the British Empire. Harrison and Sons. p. 51. Retrieved May 28, 2023.
  51. ^ Sainte-Marie, Anselme de (1733). Histoire généalogique et chronologique de la Maison Royale de France (in French). Compagnie des Libraires Associez. p. 487. Retrieved June 2, 2023.
  52. ^ JANUSZAJTIS, ANDRZEJ (2003). "FAMILY BACKGROUND, BIRTH AND BAPTISM OF DANIEL GABRIEL FAHRENHEIT" (PDF). TASK Quarterly. 7 (3): 467–472. Retrieved June 2, 2023.
  53. ^ Hayton, David; Cruickshanks, Eveline (2002). The House of Commons, 1690-1715. Cambridge University Press. p. 567. ISBN 978-0-521-77221-1. Retrieved June 2, 2023.
  54. ^ "Houbraken, Antonina". resources.huygens.knaw.nl (in Dutch). Retrieved June 2, 2023.
  55. ^ Collen, Henry (1847). Debrett's Genealogical Peerage of Great Britain and Ireland. London: William Pickering. p. 563. Retrieved June 2, 2023.
  56. ^ Dionisotti, Carlo (1862). Notizie biografiche dei Vercellesi illustri (in Italian). Giuseppe Amosso. pp. 17–18. Retrieved June 2, 2023.
  57. ^ Reading, Miller K. (1903). William Bowne, of Yorkshire, England and His Descendants. H. E. Dents. p. 13. Retrieved June 2, 2023.
  58. ^ Herbermann, Charles George; Pace, Edward A.; Shahan, Thomas J.; Pallen, Conde B.; Wynne, John J. (1910). The Catholic Encyclopedia: Laprade-Mass. Vol. 9. New York: Appleton. p. 3. Retrieved June 2, 2023.
  59. ^ Половцова, А. А. (1905). Русский биографический словарь (in Russian). Санкт-Петербургское Императорское Русское историческое общество. p. 405. Retrieved June 2, 2023.
  60. ^ The Americana. Vol. 23. The Encyclopedia Americana Corporation. 1923. p. 205. Retrieved May 24, 2023.
  61. ^ "Pietro Paolo Troisi" (PDF). um.edu.mt. Retrieved June 2, 2023.
  62. ^ "WATSON, Hon. Edward". historyofparliamentonline.org. Retrieved June 2, 2023.
  63. ^ MACARÉ, A.C. "MACARÉ". hogenda.nl (in Dutch). p. 13. Retrieved June 2, 2023.
  64. ^ Herbermann, Charles George; Pace, Edward A.; Shahan, Thomas J.; Pallen, Conde B.; Wynne, John J. (1910). Catholic Encyclopedia. Vol. 8. New York: Appleton. p. 569. Retrieved June 2, 2023.
  65. ^ The New York Genealogical and Biographical Record. New York Genealogical and Biographical Society. 1879. p. 98. Retrieved June 2, 2023.
  66. ^ "MARCELLO, Benedetto Giacomo". treccani.it (in Italian). Retrieved June 2, 2023.
  67. ^ Sedgwick, Romney (1970). The House of Commons, 1715-1754. London: History of Parliament Trust. p. 109. ISBN 978-0-11-880098-3. Retrieved June 2, 2023.
  68. ^ The New England Historical and Genealogical Register. New England Historic Genealogical Society. 1874. p. 114. Retrieved June 2, 2023.
  69. ^ Dictionary of Canadian biography. Vol. 3. Toronto: University of Toronto Press. 1966. p. 35. ISBN 978-0-8020-3287-4. Retrieved June 2, 2023.
  70. ^ Östreichische militärische Zeitschrift (in German). Unton Strauss. 1910. p. 487. Retrieved June 2, 2023.
  71. ^ Pyle, Andrew; Grayling, A.C.; Goulder, Naomi. "John Balguy". Oxford Reference. Retrieved June 2, 2023.
  72. ^ Bénézit, Emmanuel (2006). Benezit Dictionary of Artists. Vol. 6. Paris: Éditions Gründ. p. 707. Retrieved June 2, 2023.
  73. ^ Swain, Joseph P. (May 8, 2023). Historical Dictionary of Baroque Music. Rowman & Littlefield. p. 251. ISBN 978-1-5381-5162-4. Retrieved June 2, 2023.
  74. ^ Stephen, Leslie (1886). Dictionary of National Biography. Vol. 7. New York: Macmillan and Co. p. 224. Retrieved June 2, 2023.
  75. ^ Wor, Adriaan (1750). Maendelyke uittreksels, of de Boekzael der geleerde werrelt (in Dutch). Vol. 36. p. 110. Retrieved June 2, 2023.
  76. ^ Engass, Robert. "CORNACCHINI, Agostino". treccani.it (in Italian). Retrieved June 2, 2023.
  77. ^ Bullettino storico pistoiese (in Italian). Pistoia: Officina Tipografica Cooperativa. 1936. p. 96. Retrieved June 2, 2023.
  78. ^ Romeiras, Francisco Malta (September 16, 2019). Jesuits and the Book of Nature: Science and Education in Modern Portugal. BRILL. p. 27. ISBN 978-90-04-38236-7. Retrieved June 3, 2023.
  79. ^ Chilvers, Ian (2015). The Oxford Dictionary of Art and Artists. Oxford University Press. p. 29. ISBN 978-0-19-953294-0. Retrieved June 3, 2023.
  80. ^ Scouten, Arthur Hawley (1985). St. James Reference Guide to English Literature: The Restoration and 18th century. St. James Press. p. 146. ISBN 978-0-912289-20-5. Retrieved June 3, 2023.
  81. ^ Le Nécrologe des hommes célèbres de France: par une société de gens de lettres (in French). l'imprimerie de Moreau. 1764. p. 17. Retrieved June 3, 2023.
  82. ^ Herbermann, Charles George (1913). The Catholic Encyclopedia. Vol. 2. New York: Encyclopedia Press. p. 689. Retrieved June 3, 2023.
  83. ^ Ferdinand Hoefer, Jean Chrétien (1861). Nouvelle biographie générale depuis les temps (in French). Vol. 36. Firmin Didot frères, fils et cie. p. 699. Retrieved June 3, 2023.
  84. ^ Vickers, David (July 5, 2017). "The unpublished Senesino". Handel. Routledge. p. 17. ISBN 978-1-351-56425-0. Retrieved June 3, 2023.
  85. ^ "Colin Campbell". sok.riksarkivet.se. Retrieved June 3, 2023.
  86. ^ Leche, V.; Nyström, J.F.; Warburg, K.; Westrin, Th. (1912). Nordisk familjebok (in Swedish). Vol. 17. p. 309. Retrieved June 3, 2023.
  87. ^ "GONZAGA, Eleonora". treccani.it (in Italian). Retrieved June 4, 2023.
  88. ^ Hummel Sr., Arthur W. (January 1, 2018). Eminent Chinese of the Qing Period: 1644-1911/2. Berkshire Publishing Group. p. 784. ISBN 978-1-61472-849-8. Retrieved June 4, 2023.
  89. ^ Machado, Diogo Barbosa (1747). Bibliotheca lusitana historica, critica, e cronologica (in Brazilian Portuguese). Na officina de Antonio Isidoro da Fonseca. p. 532. Retrieved June 4, 2023.
  90. ^ "LUMLEY, Hon. Richard". historyofparliamentonline.org. Retrieved June 4, 2023.
  91. ^ "DAWNAY, Hon. John". historyofparliamentonline.org. Retrieved June 4, 2023.
  92. ^ The New Grove Dictionary of Music and musicians. New York: Grove. 2001. p. 879. ISBN 978-1-56159-239-5. Retrieved June 4, 2023.
  93. ^ Hirshberg, Jehoash (1984). Ten Italian violin concertos from Fonds Blancheton. Madison: A-R Editions. p. 10. ISBN 978-0-89579-171-9. Retrieved June 4, 2023.
  94. ^ Chisholm, Hugh (1911). The Encyclopaedia Britannica. Vol. 16. New York: Encyclopaedia Britannica. p. 299. Retrieved June 4, 2023.
  95. ^ "Newcomer". ohiohistorycentral.org. June 23, 2006. Archived from the original on June 23, 2006. Retrieved June 4, 2023.
  96. ^ "Bl. Ann of the Angels Monteagudo". Monastery of Our Lady of Grace. January 10, 2023. Retrieved June 5, 2023.
  97. ^ Boni, Filippo de (1840). Biografia degli artisti (in Italian). Tipi del Gondoliere. p. 296. Retrieved June 5, 2023.
  98. ^ "DIGBY, Simon, 4th Baron Digby of Geashill". historyofparliamentonline.org. Retrieved June 5, 2023.
  99. ^ Bulletin de géographie historique et descriptive: vol. 1-27 (in French). Paris: Imprimerie Nationale. 1895. p. 134. Retrieved June 5, 2023.
  100. ^ Heydenreich, Gustav Heinrich (1840). Kirchen & schul-chronik der stadt & Ephorie Weissenfels seit 1539 (in German). Kell. p. 152. Retrieved June 5, 2023.
  101. ^ Lotheissen, Ferdinand (1877). Geschichte der französischen Literatur im XVII. Jahrhundert (in German). Gerold's Sohn. p. 335. Retrieved June 5, 2023.
  102. ^ "White, Dorothy (d. 1686?)". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. 2004. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/45832. Retrieved June 5, 2023. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
  103. ^ Museum, Ashmolean (1983). Tradescant's Rarities: Essays on the Foundation of the Ashmolean Museum, 1683, with a Catalogue of the Surviving Early Collections. Clarendon Press. p. 56. ISBN 978-0-19-813405-3. Retrieved June 5, 2023.
  104. ^ Winkler, A.; Mittelsdorf, J. (1897). Die Bau- und Kunstdenkmäler der Stadt Hanau (in German). G.M. Alberti. p. 109. Retrieved June 5, 2023.
  105. ^ a b Behr, Kamill (1870). Genealogie der in Europa (in German). Tauchnitz. Retrieved June 5, 2023.
  106. ^ Selby, Walford Dakin (1884). The Genealogist. George Bell & Sons. p. 84. Retrieved June 5, 2023.
  107. ^ De Guzman, Juan Perez (1891). Colección de escritores castellanos (in Spanish). Madird: Perez Dubrull. p. 433.
  108. ^ Stephen, Leslie (1899). Dictionary of National Biography. Vol. 60. Macmillan. p. 257. Retrieved June 5, 2023.
  109. ^ Cronholm, Abraham Peter (1836). Supplement till biographiskt Lexicon öfver namnkunnige svenske män (in Swedish). Lund: Berling. p. 1. Retrieved June 5, 2023.
  110. ^ Jahrreiss, Heribert (1987). "Otto von Guericke (1602–1686) in memoriam". Journal of Vacuum Science & Technology A: Vacuum, Surfaces, and Films. 5 (4): 2466–2471. Bibcode:1987JVSTA...5.2466J. doi:10.1116/1.574874. Retrieved June 6, 2023.
  111. ^ Bricka, Carl Frederik (1894). Dansk biografisk lexikon: tillige omfattende Norge for tidsrummet 1537-1814 (in Danish). Gyldendal. p. 640. Retrieved June 6, 2023.
  112. ^ Poutet, Yves (1960). "L'influence du Père Barré dans la fondation des Sœurs du Saint-Enfant-Jésus de Reims". Revue d'histoire de l'Église de France. 46 (143): 18–53. doi:10.3406/rhef.1960.3251. Retrieved June 6, 2023.
  113. ^ Catton, Charles (1790). The English Peerage; Or, a View of the Ancient and Present State of the English Nobility (etc.). Spilsbury. p. 260. Retrieved June 6, 2023.
  114. ^ Feingold, Mordechai (January 23, 2003). History of Universities: Volume XVIII/1 2003. OUP Oxford. p. 88. ISBN 978-0-19-926202-1. Retrieved June 6, 2023.
  115. ^ The Americana: A Universal Reference Library. Vol. 21. The Encyclopedia Americana Company. 1923. p. 458. Retrieved June 6, 2023.
  116. ^ Dupin, Louis Ellies (1711). Nouvelle bibliotheque des auteurs ecclesiastiques, contenant l'histoire de leur vie, le catalogue, la critique, et la chronologie de leurs ouvrages: Le sommaire de ce qu'ils contiennent, un jugement sur leur style, et sur leur doctrine; et le denombrement des differentes editions de leurs oeuvres (in French). Amsterdam: Pierre Humbert. p. 238. Retrieved June 6, 2023.
  117. ^ Dahlhoff, Matth (1874). Geschichte der Grafschaft Sayn und der Bestandtheile derselben der Grafschaften Sayn (in German). E. Weidendenbach. p. 33. Retrieved June 6, 2023.
  118. ^ "Egerton, John, second earl of Bridgewater". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. 2004. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/8588. Retrieved June 6, 2023. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
  119. ^ "DUCKETT, William". historyofparliamentonline.org. Retrieved June 6, 2023.
  120. ^ Herbermann, Charles George; Pace, Edward A.; Pallen, Conde B.; Shahan, Thomas J.; Wynne, John J. (1913). The Catholic Encyclopedia, Knights of Columbus Special Edition. New York: The Encyclopedia Press, Inc. p. 286. Retrieved June 6, 2023.
  121. ^ Vacant, A.; Mangenot, E.; Amann, E. (1926). Dictionnaire de théologie catholique (in French). Paris: Letouzey et Ané. p. 458. Retrieved June 6, 2023.
  122. ^ "ELEONORA Gonzaga Nevers". treccani.it (in Italian). Retrieved June 6, 2023.
  123. ^ "Louis II de Bourbon, 4e prince de Condé | French general and prince". Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved March 20, 2021.
  124. ^ Brucker, Joseph (1919). La compagnie de Jésus: esquisse de son histoire (1521-1773) (in French). G. Beauchesne. p. 529. Retrieved June 6, 2023.
  125. ^ Chapman, Blanche Adams (May 2009). Wills and Administrations of Isle of Wight County, Virginia, 1647-1800, Books 1-3. Heritage Books. p. 25. ISBN 978-1-58549-273-2. Retrieved June 5, 2023.
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=1686&oldid=1266223036"